Judges in the local ‘onshore’ courts of the Arabian Gulf are generally uncomfortable with witness testimony in litigation proceedings. In fact documentary evidence is often the only evidence that will be accepted. In a region where the line between public...

We often sit in on debates among legal teams over the merits of filing a criminal complaint to put pressure on counterparties, an essential strategy in complex disputes. Such a tactic can carry risk for the claimant. However, in some countries, particularly...